Linear Algebra Operations on Matrices in R Dot Product The dot product of two vectors is a fundamental operation in linear algebra. In R, you can compute the dot product of two vectors using the %*% operator or the sum() function: # Example 1: Dot product of two vectors v1 <- c(1, 2, 3) v2 […]
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General Matrix Operations in R Basic Arithmetic Operations Matrices support element-wise arithmetic operations. For matrices of the same dimensions, you can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division directly: Addition and Subtraction # Example 1: Matrix addition and subtraction m1 <- matrix(1:4, nrow = 2) m2 <- matrix(5:8, nrow = 2) # Addition sum_m <- m1
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Creating Matrices in R Basic Matrix Creation You can create a matrix in R using the matrix() function. Here’s a comprehensive overview of the available options and parameters: Example 1: Creating a 3×3 matrix with elements from 1 to 9 m <- matrix(1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3) print(m) Explanation: 1:9 generates a sequence
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More on c() The c() function in R is fundamental for combining elements into a vector. It stands for “combine” or “concatenate” and is used to create vectors from individual elements or other vectors. Understanding the nuances of c() can help you manipulate and analyze data more effectively. Creating Vectors with c() The primary use
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Vector Element Names In R, vectors can have names assigned to their elements, which helps in indexing and provides more context for the data. These names act like labels and make it easier to reference elements without relying solely on numeric indices. Assigning Names to Vector Elements You can assign names to elements of a
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Testing Vector Equality Testing for equality between vectors is a common task in data analysis and manipulation in R. It involves comparing two vectors to check if they have the same values, order, and structure. R provides several functions and methods to test vector equality, each serving different purposes and scenarios. Exact Equality with ==
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Vectorized if-then-else: The ifelse() Function The ifelse() function in R is a vectorized version of the traditional if-else statement. It allows you to apply conditional logic to each element of a vector (or more generally, to arrays), returning values based on the condition. This function is highly useful for performing element-wise operations and is more
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The Selection Function which() The which() function in R is used to identify the indices of elements in a logical vector that are TRUE. This function is especially useful when you want to know the positions of elements that meet a certain condition. Basic Usage of which() The syntax for which() is: which(x, arr.ind =
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Filtering with the subset() Function The subset() function in R is a powerful and convenient tool for filtering data frames and matrices based on specific conditions. It allows you to select rows or columns that meet certain criteria without directly using indexing or logical vectors. Basic Usage of subset() The subset() function has the following
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Generating Filtering Indices Generating filtering indices in R involves creating logical or integer vectors that specify which elements in a data structure should be selected based on certain conditions. These indices are then used to filter data efficiently. This process is crucial for manipulating large datasets and extracting relevant subsets. Logical Filtering Indices Logical filtering
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